Hip Dislocation Treatment

I recently had the challenge of treating a young dog that had been hit by a car. The poor dog had suffered a dislocated hip as well as some minor abrasions. Interestingly, in the human world, hip dislocations usually respond well to being put back in or replaced, and with careful management will go on to heal without further intervention. However, in dogs and cats the hip is notoriously unstable once it has dislocated, and there is a high rate of repeat dislocation after being put back in the socket (this is called a closed reduction). At least 50% of hips will dislocate again within days of a dislocation, leaving us with the challenge of how best to manage them. Historically, we would sometimes place the back leg into a sling to keep weight off the leg and keep the hip in the correct position. However, this is also fraught with complications as the slings tend to be poorly tolerated by dogs and not at all by cats! So, in many cases surgery is required as was needed with my patient.

One of the most reliable techniques is called a 'hip toggle' procedure. In this technique a hole is drilled from the outside of the femur/hip to the centre of the ball joint. A long suture can be passed through this bone tunnel to exit in the centre of the ball joint and an anchor or toggle is placed at the end of the suture. A hole is then drilled in the cup (pelvis) of the hip joint and the toggle/anchor is passed through the hole and secured on the far side. When the hip is then put back into position the suture is pulled tight and secured with a button shaped device on the outside of the hip. In the x-ray you can just make out a small metal toggle rod on the inside of the cup and the button on the outside of the hip. The row of metal staples that can be seen are skin staples used at the end of surgery.

This technique, while technically demanding, has a high success rate, with only a 5-10% risk of repeat dislocation of the hip joint, and most dogs and cats will use the leg quickly after surgery. Other options are to remove the ball joint altogether (an excision arthroplasty) or a hip replacement.

The patient was walking on the leg the day after surgery and has had no recurrence of his hip dislocation. The long-term prognosis with hip toggle surgery is generally extremely good.